Apparently, as part of their greater mission to save the world and make billions in the process, Google has taken it upon itself to save Journalism and Newspapers. At least, that’s the contention of this James Fallows cover story for the Atlantic this month.
This may seem odd since people like Rupert Murdock have been blasting Google for the downfall of the traditional newspaper business model; Google’s CEO Eric Schmidt has even described their reputation as “the vulture picking off the dead carcass of the news industry”. But, from Google’s perspective, which I mostly share, they are helping the news industry by feeding them traffic. According to comScore 35-40% of all traffic to major US news sites come from search engines. The problem with this analysis is that, even after the tremendous growth in readership over the past 15 years, online ad revenues only account for about 3-5% of total revenue.
Google’s Chief Economist, Hal Varian, has a great slide show that explains the problem well. Traditionally, this is what a newspaper’s (and generally most print publications) balance sheet looks like:
Like the slide says and shows, printing and paper are more than half the cost component of putting out a publication. Internet distribution will cut that significantly, but not entirely, because you still have server costs. But now take a look at this next slide showing ad revenue as a %, and by type:
Internet advertizing is little more than a rounding error. If you are Google, picking up this spare change amounts to billions of dollars, but no news organization, not even Reuters or AP, has that much of a presence on the internet.
Here is where things start to get really interesting. If one can’t find good, accurate, and interesting information, they will not search for it. Therefore, the Google-Content relationship is symbiotic, and to help Google has lead three initiatives that they believe will help the digital transition easier to bare.
The first are ‘Living Stories’. In essence this is a subject based aggregator that any individual organization can use to pull together all of the related stories into a narrative through time. To me this is an algorithmic Wikipedia. A very good idea, but again one that does not pay.
The next project is called Fast Flip. The basic premise is to recreate a magazine feel of flipping through pages. This attempt, like living stories, while being interesting, does not attempt to answer the basic question of generating more revenue from its readers.
However, the last initiative has more than a little promise, YouTube Direct. It allows sites to directly implement the YouTube video service on their site, complete with back linking, while Google pays the hosting and serving costs. Now it’s important to be aware that YouTube is a huge money pit at Google, the bandwidth costs alone are staggering. But Video presents a gigantic revenue opportunity. Video usually gets around $18-23 per 1000 people for a 30 second spot on TV. Yet, unlike display ads, 30 second video ads get the same price per 1000 people online as they do in the traditional television format. This is why Hulu is a profitable enterprise, because the ad rates are substantial enough to warrant a large upfront investment in content, licensing fees.
That is why YouTube Direct holds promise, because video, even online, is sufficiently monitizable. That doesn’t mean it’s a sure thing, Wired tried to start a TV show and failed, the NYT tried a Discovery partnership to create a TV Channel which also failed. Implementation matters. But unlike the technical and tactical tweaks proscribed above, and tried before, this allows for experimentation at very low costs, but in a format that has large revenue opportunities.
What Happens When the Problem is Bigger Than You?
During subsequent reader follow-ups to James Fallows people pointed out that changing copyright standards are having powerful effects as well. And none of this has touched on the inane idea of using ‘click-through’ a good measure of ad effectiveness.
My point is that Google did not bring about this sea-change, and Google cannot drain the ocean. Craigslist and eBay broke the classified world into pieces, that’s not coming back. No one ever paid for general news content through subscriptions, hell they didn’t even fully pay for physical product at the newsstands, so why would they now?
The extinction level problem for newspapers and all print publications is one of high-impact brand-awareness display advertizing. A strong national and retail ad-buy has typically supplied 60-80% of the revenue. There are no measures on print ads, just ‘impressions’. Introducing people to new products and services is not something that can be done with an algorithm. A ‘click-though’ only shows the last step in the sales funnel, but no one is going to buy your product, or use your service if they have never heard of you.
Forget the iPad and Kindle, forget pay-walls (unless your highly specialized in some area, like Business), if NYT, Rupert Murdock, and thousands of journalists want to see the news business continue, creating a higher-value digital ad unit is the best, if not the only, way forward. Google can’t do that for you, because it’s not their business, it’s not what they do, and it’s not their responsibility.




